The idea of the human double (or doubles) has been a part of folklore and tradition for a long time, especially the conviction that every individual has a good double and an evil double. The good double is vibrant and friendly, while the evil double is dark and terrifying. One is a guardian spirit, while …
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The elements that make elementals Empedocles, a Greek scientist and philosopher who lived in Sicily in the 5th century BC, came up with the idea that all objects are composed of various combinations of fire, air, earth, and water. Plato and Aristotle both agreed with the theory, and most Europeans believed it until the 17th …
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Fakir is the Arabic term for “poor person,” but when used in a religious context, it refers to a person who renounces all material wealth and riches out of religious devotion. It is a term used by Muslims to describe nomadic beggars who have abandoned material possessions and placed their life in Allah’s hands, …
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What was the Elixir of Life and how did work? In ancient Greek chemical manuscripts, the word “elixir,” which derives from the Arabic “aliksir,” described the substance that allowed base metals to be transmuted into gold and silver. European alchemists believed the Philosopher’s Stone, which they thought could heal everything, was an essential component of …
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The term “dervish” is often used to refer to a Mohammadan holy man who is a member of a religious order and embraces a school of thought known as Sufism, which aims to enhance the human intellect via various philosophical and religious practices. Many other orders and sub-orders exist, each with its own history, set …
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Greek mythology is a complex blend of stories and beliefs, most homegrown within the Greek lands but many others imported from neighboring regions, especially Asia Minor. Most of the time, the end result is a chaotic mishmash that historians struggle to make sense of. The Corybantes are a perfect illustration of this cultural puzzle. The …
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Magic is the practice of manipulating supernatural forces that the common people either do not believe exist or do not want to understand in the first place. A black magician is one who engages in such practices for sinister ends. For a black magician, obtaining power is everything. His motivation comes from a desire for …
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For millennia, people have believed that man is made up of two parts: a soul or spirit that God gives us, and a material body consisting of flesh and blood. However, some philosophers and occult scholars believe that each man possesses a third component, an astral body, which literally means “starry body” and is sometimes …
Astarte was a highly-regarded mother goddess who was worshiped under different names throughout the Middle East, including Ishtar in Mesopotamia and Ashtart or Asherah by the Phoenicians and Canaanites. The Greeks referred to her as Astarte and associated her to their own goddess of love and fertility, Aphrodite. Many clay plaques featuring Astarte have been …
Camelot was King Arthur’s capital, where he reigned over the Britons before the Saxon invasion, according to legend. It does not appear on any authentic early map from that time period. The words “cam” and “camel” do, however, appear as elements in pre-Saxon British location names. Camelot is never mentioned in Arthur’s earliest known stories. …
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